MathNonlinear FunctionsHigh frequency

SAT Math: Determine if a parabola opens up or down and find the vertex

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What you need to know

The concept, explained

  • 1

    For f(x) = ax² + bx + c, if a > 0 the parabola opens upward (vertex is a minimum); if a < 0 it opens downward (vertex is a maximum).

  • 2

    The x-coordinate of the vertex is x = −b / (2a). Plug that value back into f to get the y-coordinate.

  • 3

    In vertex form f(x) = a(x − h)² + k, the vertex is (h, k) directly — no computation needed.

  • 4

    A larger |a| makes the parabola narrower; a smaller |a| makes it wider.

Common mistakes
  • Forgetting the negative sign in x = −b / (2a) and getting the wrong vertex location.
  • Reading the vertex from f(x) = a(x − h)² + k as (−h, k) — h is the x-value, not −h.
Try a sample question

SAT-style practice

For the function f(x) = −2x² + 8x − 3, which statement is true?

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