Reading & WritingForm, Structure, and Sense (Grammar)Medium frequency

SAT Reading & Writing: Choose the correct verb form (infinitive, gerund, participle)

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What you need to know

The concept, explained

  • 1

    An infinitive is "to + verb" (to run). A gerund is verb + -ing used as a noun (running is fun). A participle is verb + -ing or -ed used as an adjective (a running faucet; a broken vase).

  • 2

    Some verbs are followed by infinitives (want to, decide to); others by gerunds (enjoy -ing, consider -ing). A few accept either with different meanings (stop to smoke vs. stop smoking).

  • 3

    After prepositions, use a gerund, not an infinitive: "interested in learning" — not "interested in to learn."

  • 4

    A participial phrase must modify the subject of the main clause. "Walking home, the rain started" is wrong because rain wasn't walking — the subject should be the person walking.

Common mistakes
  • Using an infinitive after a preposition ("good at to swim") instead of a gerund ("good at swimming").
  • Writing a dangling participle — the participial phrase must match the subject it modifies.
Try a sample question

SAT-style practice

Which choice best completes the sentence? "After _____ for hours, the hikers finally reached the summit."

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