MathNonlinear FunctionsHigh frequency

SAT Math: Build an exponential function from a real-world description

26+ practice questions in Praczo

What you need to know

The concept, explained

  • 1

    Exponential models have the form f(t) = a · bᵗ, where a is the initial value (at t = 0) and b is the growth (b > 1) or decay (0 < b < 1) factor per unit time.

  • 2

    A 5% annual increase makes b = 1.05; a 5% annual decrease makes b = 0.95. Add or subtract the percent (as a decimal) to 1.

  • 3

    If the quantity doubles every T units, write f(t) = a · 2^(t/T). If it halves, use (1/2)^(t/T).

  • 4

    Match units carefully: if the problem gives t in years but compounding is monthly, convert accordingly.

Common mistakes
  • Using b = 0.05 for "decreases by 5% per year" instead of b = 0.95. The base is the fraction that remains.
  • Confusing the "initial value" a with the value after the first period.
Try a sample question

SAT-style practice

A bacterial culture starts with 500 cells and doubles every 3 hours. Which function gives the number of cells after t hours?

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